{"id":12363,"date":"2026-03-11T15:31:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-11T20:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.brightmine.com\/us\/?post_type=resources&#038;p=12363"},"modified":"2026-06-24T04:22:42","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T09:22:42","slug":"6th-circuit-limits-nlrb-union-bargaining","status":"publish","type":"resources","link":"https:\/\/www.brightmine.com\/us\/resources\/hr-compliance\/employment-law-updates\/6th-circuit-limits-nlrb-union-bargaining\/","title":{"rendered":"6th circuit limits NLRB&#8217;s ability to compel union bargaining"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-primary-white-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b5fc8583 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:25px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7fc3d43a wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:70%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile lnrs-hide-block-on-desktop is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-b15f4bf2 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"\">Written by: <\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-396749221673b8ac7695565b15cd4cd4 wp-block-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brightmine.com\/us\/author\/robert-teachout\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"wp-block-post-author-name__link\">Robert Teachout<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-b15f4bf2 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group lnrs-hide-block-on-desktop is-content-justification-right is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-89f4e36b wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:10px;padding-left:10px\">\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\" class=\"\">Share<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"addtoany_shortcode\"><div class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_28 addtoany_list\" data-a2a-url=\"https:\/\/www.brightmine.com\/us\/resources\/hr-compliance\/employment-law-updates\/6th-circuit-limits-nlrb-union-bargaining\/\" data-a2a-title=\"6th circuit limits NLRB\u2019s ability to compel union bargaining\"><a class=\"a2a_button_linkedin\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/linkedin?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightmine.com%2Fus%2Fresources%2Fhr-compliance%2Femployment-law-updates%2F6th-circuit-limits-nlrb-union-bargaining%2F&amp;linkname=6th%20circuit%20limits%20NLRB%E2%80%99s%20ability%20to%20compel%20union%20bargaining\" title=\"LinkedIn\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_button_x\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightmine.com%2Fus%2Fresources%2Fhr-compliance%2Femployment-law-updates%2F6th-circuit-limits-nlrb-union-bargaining%2F&amp;linkname=6th%20circuit%20limits%20NLRB%E2%80%99s%20ability%20to%20compel%20union%20bargaining\" title=\"X\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_button_facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightmine.com%2Fus%2Fresources%2Fhr-compliance%2Femployment-law-updates%2F6th-circuit-limits-nlrb-union-bargaining%2F&amp;linkname=6th%20circuit%20limits%20NLRB%E2%80%99s%20ability%20to%20compel%20union%20bargaining\" title=\"Facebook\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_button_email\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightmine.com%2Fus%2Fresources%2Fhr-compliance%2Femployment-law-updates%2F6th-circuit-limits-nlrb-union-bargaining%2F&amp;linkname=6th%20circuit%20limits%20NLRB%E2%80%99s%20ability%20to%20compel%20union%20bargaining\" title=\"Email\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">The 6th Circuit Court of Appeals has become the first federal appeals court to reject the National Labor Relations Board&#8217;s (NLRB&#8217;s) use of its&nbsp;<em>Cemex<\/em>&nbsp;framework to impose bargaining orders. A recent ruling from the Court limits the Board&#8217;s ability to require an employer to recognize and bargain with a union without the union winning an election.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">The split court held, 2-1, that the NLRB overstepped its powers in its&nbsp;<em>Cemex<\/em>&nbsp;decision, which requires employers who violate labor laws during union-organizing drives to bargain with unions even when the workers vote against joining.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"case-background\">Case background<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opn.ca6.uscourts.gov\/opinions.pdf\/26a0070p-06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Brown-Forman Corporation v. NLRB<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;grew out of an organizing campaign at Brown-Forman&#8217;s Woodford Reserve distillery in Kentucky. After learning about the unionization effort, the company announced several workplace changes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">A $4-per-hour wage bump for all employees,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Adjustments to progression and merit increases,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Modifications of time-off rules, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Handing out bottles of bourbon shortly before the vote.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Employees rejected unionization by a wide 45-14 margin, but the union challenged the results. An administrative law judge determined that Brown-Forman committed unfair labor practices and interfered with its employees&#8217; efforts to unionize. The Board agreed the timing of the benefits improperly influenced the vote and, relying on&nbsp;<em>Cemex<\/em>, ordered Brown-Forman to recognize and bargain with the union instead of holding a new election.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">The NLRB may issue a bargaining order under either a&nbsp;<em>Gissel<\/em>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<em>Cemex<\/em>&nbsp;standard to remedy a tainted organizing election. Unlike a&nbsp;<em>Gissel<\/em>&nbsp;bargaining order, which remedies extreme employer misconduct (such that conducting a fair election is impossible), a&nbsp;<em>Cemex<\/em>&nbsp;bargaining order can result from&nbsp;<em>any<\/em>&nbsp;failure by an employer to properly respond to a union&#8217;s showing of majority support. For example, failing to file for a secret ballot election within 14 days or committing any unfair labor practice during the election &#8211; even a minor one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"court-ruling\">Court ruling<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">The 6th Circuit upheld the NLRB&#8217;s finding that the employer interfered with employees&#8217; free choice, but it drew a sharp line on the remedy. The Court ruled that the Board created the&nbsp;<em>Cemex<\/em>&nbsp;standard through an improper shortcut &#8211; using a single case to launch a sweeping, forward-looking policy change without going through the rulemaking process. The court stressed that the Board can address policy through case decisions, but it cannot create broad, hard-and-fast rules that don&#8217;t grow out of the facts of the case before it. Because the Board issued the bargaining order solely under&nbsp;<em>Cemex<\/em>, the court refused to enforce it and sent the matter back to the Board to apply the longstanding&nbsp;<em>Gissel<\/em>&nbsp;standard or hold a new election.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">The dissenting judge held that the&nbsp;<em>Cemex&nbsp;<\/em>standard is consistent with the Board&#8217;s authority to remedy violations of the National Labor Relations Act and advance its policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Although the ruling applies only in the 6th Circuit &#8211; Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio and Tennessee &#8211; other circuits may follow suit. Employers should exercise caution during organizing activity. Wage increases, benefit changes or other &#8220;good news&#8221; announcements during organizing campaigns still carry real risk and may result in unfair labor practice finding.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column lnrs-hide-block-on-mobile is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--secondary-gray);border-left-width:2px;padding-left:10px;flex-basis:30%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a2154df2 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:10px;padding-left:10px\">\n<p style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\" class=\"\">Share<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"addtoany_shortcode\"><div class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_28 addtoany_list\" data-a2a-url=\"https:\/\/www.brightmine.com\/us\/resources\/hr-compliance\/employment-law-updates\/6th-circuit-limits-nlrb-union-bargaining\/\" data-a2a-title=\"6th circuit limits NLRB\u2019s ability to compel union bargaining\"><a class=\"a2a_button_linkedin\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/linkedin?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightmine.com%2Fus%2Fresources%2Fhr-compliance%2Femployment-law-updates%2F6th-circuit-limits-nlrb-union-bargaining%2F&amp;linkname=6th%20circuit%20limits%20NLRB%E2%80%99s%20ability%20to%20compel%20union%20bargaining\" title=\"LinkedIn\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_button_x\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightmine.com%2Fus%2Fresources%2Fhr-compliance%2Femployment-law-updates%2F6th-circuit-limits-nlrb-union-bargaining%2F&amp;linkname=6th%20circuit%20limits%20NLRB%E2%80%99s%20ability%20to%20compel%20union%20bargaining\" title=\"X\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" 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is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-avatar\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.brightmine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/07\/27030947\/robert-teachout-headshot-150x150.webp\" width=\"96\" height=\"96\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.brightmine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/07\/27030947\/robert-teachout-headshot.webp 2x\" alt=\"Robert Teachout\" class=\"avatar avatar-96 wp-user-avatar wp-user-avatar-96 alignnone photo wp-block-avatar__image\" \/ style=\"border-top-left-radius:500px; border-top-right-radius:500px; border-bottom-left-radius:500px; border-bottom-right-radius:500px;\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-b15f4bf2 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"\">Written by: <\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-396749221673b8ac7695565b15cd4cd4 wp-block-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brightmine.com\/us\/author\/robert-teachout\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"wp-block-post-author-name__link\">Robert Teachout<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-cararra-gray-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-cararra-gray-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-bleach-white-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a36fa716 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding-top:10px;padding-right:15px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:15px\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Navigate HR complexity 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class=\"lnrs-resource-hub-widget__resource_image\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/cdn.brightmine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/02\/16021649\/Young-entrepreneurs-meeting-1200x627-1.webp);\"><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lnrs-resource-hub-widget__inner_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lnrs-resource-hub-widget__categories\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lnrs-resource-hub-widget__category_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"sync\" src=\"https:\/\/www.brightmine.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/lnrs-resources-filter\/assets\/images\/category-flag.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"lnrs-resource-hub-widget__category_icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"lnrs-resource-hub-widget__category\">Guides &#8211; How to<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"title\" style=\"color: #00728B\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brightmine.com\/us\/resources\/hr-compliance\/labor-relations\/how-to-prepare-and-continue-business-operations-during-a-strike\/\">How to prepare and continue business operations during a strike<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #000000\">Strikes can disrupt business operations, but employers often receive advance notice; this How To outlines key steps for &#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The 6th Circuit Court of Appeals has become the first federal appeals court to reject the NLRB\u2019s use of the Cemex framework to impose bargaining orders, limiting the Board\u2019s ability to require employers to recognize and bargain with unions without a successful election.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":8442,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"resource-author","categories":[55],"tags":[],"topic":[63],"class_list":["post-12363","resources","type-resources","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hr-news","topic-employment-law-updates"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.8 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>6th circuit limits NLRB&#039;s ability to compel union bargaining | Brightmine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The 6th Circuit rejected the NLRB\u2019s Cemex framework, limiting when employers can be forced to bargain with unions after tainted organizing campaigns.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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