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Workplace investigations and employee discipline

Workplace investigations are formal processes used to gather facts, assess risk and determine appropriate action when concerns arise in the workplace. These concerns may involve misconduct, policy violations, harassment, discrimination, retaliation, safety issues, conflicts between employees or violations of company procedures. Employers have a legal and ethical obligation to investigate allegations thoroughly and objectively. In addition, that employees are treated fairly and that workplace issues do not escalate. 

A well-run investigation typically includes several core steps:

  • receiving and documenting the initial complaint
  • determining whether an investigation is warranted
  • identifying the right investigator
  • collecting evidence
  • conducting interviews
  • analyzing findings
  • completing a written report.

HR teams must handle each stage with care. They must follow company policies, meet applicable federal and state requirements and maintain confidentiality to the highest degree possible. 

Investigations are not only reactive; they help employers reinforce expectations, protect employees, prevent escalation and demonstrate that workplace concerns are taken seriously. When handled consistently and transparently, investigations support a safe and respectful work environment while reducing legal exposure. 

Browse our full library of workplace investigation and disciplinary resources
Checklists

Conduct a remote investigation interview checklist

This checklist helps employers conduct remote investigation interviews effectively, including planning, communication, and documentation considerations.

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