Employment discrimination

Employment discrimination happens when an employer treats a job applicant or employee unfavorably because of a legally protected characteristic. Discrimination in the workplace can occur during any stage of the employment lifecycle, including recruiting, hiring, promotions, training, pay, benefits, scheduling, discipline or termination.

Common examples of employment discrimination include:

  • Rejecting a qualified job applicant because of their age, race or gender
  • Paying employees differently for the same work
  • Imposing harsher discipline on employees of a certain race or national origin
  • Segregating employees based on protected characteristics
  • Expressing a preference for a certain race, sex, age or national origin in a job advertisement
  • Making employment decisions based on stereotypes or assumptions

Whether intentional or unintentional, workplace discrimination can lead to costly complaints, lawsuits, reputational damage and significant disruption to employee morale and retention.

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Federal contractors must agree not to engage in “racially discriminatory” DEI

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DEI compliance in 2026: What to start, continue, stop 

Recent EEOC enforcement has put employee development programs—mentoring, leadership pipelines, internships, ERGs, and training—under sharper scrutiny. In this …

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The role of HR in preventing discrimination

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What is employment discrimination?

Learn what employment discrimination is, how it appears in the workplace, and what employers must do to stay …

Charts

EEO protected classes by state

Explore state‑by‑state EEO protected classes to help HR teams understand discrimination laws and maintain compliant employment practices.

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Learning From SHRM’s Legal Challenge: Compliance Lessons for Employers

No matter how SHRM's appeal unfolds, the circumstances surrounding this case offer critical compliance lessons for employers of …

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Pennsylvania Bans Hairstyle Discrimination

Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro signed a bill into law that protects hair textures and hairstyles tied to racial …

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