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Disciplinary action and investigations

Disciplinary action and workplace investigations are among the highest‑risk areas of UK employment law. Employers must act promptly and fairly, following procedures that stand up to scrutiny when decisions are challenged.

Poor investigations, procedural errors or inconsistent outcomes increase exposure to unfair dismissal claims, damaged employee trust and tribunal risk. Clear evidence, proportionate decisions and a structured process are essential.

This page brings together guidance and practical resources on disciplinary action and investigations—including processes, hearings and appeals—to help employers reduce risk and reach defensible decisions.

Browse our full library of disciplinary action and investigations resources
Commentary and Insights

Dealing with employee grievances in an AI-enabled world

Discover how HR teams can approach employee grievances in an AI-driven workplace, including challenges, opportunities, and key considerations.
Tools & templates

Checklist for having initial settlement discussion during performance improvement procedure

This checklist supports employers in preparing for and holding an initial settlement discussion with an employee who is …
Webinars

Employment Rights Act 2025: Unfair dismissal changes

Understand how the Employment Rights Act 2025 changes unfair dismissal rules with expert HR guidance and practical insights.
Tools & templates

Letter dismissing employee for misconduct following previous warnings and disciplinary meeting

Dismissal for misconduct must follow a fair disciplinary process, particularly where previous warnings have already been issued. This …
Tools & templates

Letter inviting employee suspected of misconduct to investigatory meeting

Inviting an employee to an investigatory meeting is an important early step in a fair misconduct investigation and …
Tools & templates

Letter informing employee suspected of misconduct that an investigation will be taking place

Where misconduct is suspected, employers must carry out a fair and reasonable investigation before any disciplinary decision is …
Tools & templates

Letter inviting employee to disciplinary meeting

Use this model letter to invite an employee to a disciplinary meeting following allegations of misconduct, with guidance …
Tools & templates

Disciplinary procedure

This procedure sets out the steps an organisation will take to deal with employee misconduct, including how disciplinary …
Case studies

Mishandled disciplinary procedures: Employment tribunal round-up

A tribunal round‑up examining cases where mishandling disciplinary procedures led to findings of unfair dismissal.

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