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Disciplinary action and investigations

Disciplinary action and workplace investigations are among the highest‑risk areas of UK employment law. Employers must act promptly and fairly, following procedures that stand up to scrutiny when decisions are challenged.

Poor investigations, procedural errors or inconsistent outcomes increase exposure to unfair dismissal claims, damaged employee trust and tribunal risk. Clear evidence, proportionate decisions and a structured process are essential.

This page brings together guidance and practical resources on disciplinary action and investigations—including processes, hearings and appeals—to help employers reduce risk and reach defensible decisions.

Browse our full library of disciplinary action and investigations resources
Guides – How to

How to deal with unauthorised absence

A guide explaining how employers should deal with unauthorised absence from work, including investigation steps, disciplinary considerations and …
Guides – How to

Employee recording of internal meetings: HR guidance and best practices

Learn how to manage employee recordings of internal meetings with clear HR guidance to protect confidentiality, ensure fairness, …
Tools & templates

Informal grievance resolution: confirmation letter template for employers

Ensure consistent HR communication with this informal grievance confirmation letter template. Easy to customise for any workplace situation.
Tools & templates

Letter informing employee of grievance outcome

Ensure consistent HR communication with this grievance outcome letter template, designed to outline decisions and appeal rights clearly.
Tools & templates

Letter informing employee that colleague has raised grievance against them

Use this model letter to inform an employee that a colleague has raised a grievance against them, with …
Case studies

Fair dismissal of employee who punched colleague after Christmas party

A case examining whether the dismissal of an employee who punched a colleague after a Christmas party was …
Case studies

Dismissal of NHS worker for coming to work smelling of alcohol was unfair

An unfair dismissal case highlighting the risk of relying on allegations of misconduct without sufficient evidence that an …
Guides – How to

How to conduct a disciplinary investigation

Explore expert insights on planning and executing disciplinary investigations that stand up to scrutiny and support confident HR …
Case studies

Unfair dismissal of NHS worker who pleaded guilty to minor offences

This case is a reminder that misconduct outside work — including criminal convictions — still requires a fair …

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